Uhlu lamagama avamile ocwaningo lwezokwelapha
Ngokuvamile uphenyo locwaningo lwezokwelapha luhlanganisa amagama okungenzeka awuwajwayele. Ukuze uthole izincazelo zamagama asetshenziswa ngokuvamile, vakashela uhlu lwethu lwamagama.
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha liwucwaningo lophenyo olwenzelwe ukufunda ukuthi imizimba yethu isabela kanjani emithini nakokunye ukwelashwa.
Ukuthi ubani ongabamba iqhaza ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha kuncike embuzweni okumele uphenduwe ucwaningo (injongo yocwaningo). Ezinye izingcwaningo zimema izibuli ezinesifo noma esinye isimo sempilo esiphenywayo kulolucwaningo lwezokwelapha. Ezinye izingcwaningo zibhalisa amavolontiya anempilo, okusho ukuthi awunaso isifo esithile noma isimo sempilo.
Imibono yezingcwaningo zokwelapha ngokuvamile ivela kubacwaningi. Abacwaningi baqala bahlole imirhi emisha yophenyo elebhu.Imithi enemiphumela ethembisa kakhudlwana idluliselwa ezingcwaningweni zezokwelapha ukubona ukuthi iphephile yini nokuthi isebenza kahle yini kubantu.
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha ngalunye lunenjongo eyinhloko – isizathu esiyinhloko sokwenziwa kwalo.
- Izingcwaningo zomuthi zihlola imithi emisha ephenywayo, inhlanganisela entsha yemithi emi-2 noma ngaphezulu, noma ukusetshenziswa okusha kwemithi ekhona
- Izingcwaningo zokuvimbela zibheka izindlela ezingcono zokuvimbela ukugula kubantu abangakaze baphathwe isifo noma ukuvimbela isifo ukuba singabuyi. Lezingcwaningo zingahlanganisa imirhi, amavithamini, imigomo, amaminerali anjenge-calcium, ukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila
- Izingcwaningo zokuxilonga zenzelwa ukuthola izivivinyo ezingcono noma izinqubo zokuxilonga isifo noma isimo
- Izingcwaningo zokuhlola zihlola indlela engcono zokuthola izifo ezithile noma izimo zempilo
- Izingcwaningo zezinga lempilo (noma izingcwaningo zokunakekela okusekelayo) zibheka izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukunethezeka nezinga lempilo kubantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona (ezithatha isikhadi eside)
Izingcwaningo zezokwelashwa zingase zikhokhelwe (zixhaswa) abantu abahlukene noma izinhlangano, njengalaba:
- Odokotela
- Izikhungo zezokwelapha
- Amaqembu okuvolontiya, izindawo zosizo noma amafawundeshini
- Izinkampani zemithi
Izingcwaningo zezokwelashwa zingenzeka kulezindawo:
- Izibhedlela
- Amanyuvesi
- Amahhovisi odokotela
- Imitholampilo yomphakathi
Ezingcwaningweni eziningi zezokwelapha, iqembu elilodwa lababambiqhaza lizothola umuthi wocwaningo noma umuthi wophenyo ohlolwayo, kuyilapho iqembu lesibili, iqembu lokulawula, lithola umuthi osebenzayo (ovamile) noma umuthi-mbumbulu (into ebukeka ncamashi nomuthi nokho ayinazo izithako zokwelapha noma umuthi). Lokho kwenzela ukubona indlela umuthi osebenza kahle ngayo noma ukusebenza komuthi wophenyo lapha uqhathaniswa nomuthi osebenza noma umuthi-mbumbulu.
Imithelela engemihle yinoma yimiphi imithelela engemihle yomuthi, ukwelashwa, noma usizo oluphambene nomphumelo oyinhloko obhekiwe, futhi ingaba mihle, ibe mibi, noma ibe maphakathi. Imithi yophenyo kumele ihlolelwe imithelela engemihle eyenza ngokushesha noma ngemva kwesikhathi eside.
Izehlakalo ezimbi (futhi zibiwa ngokuthi imithelela emibi) izinkinga zezokwelapha ezenzekayo noma eziba zimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi socwaningo lwezokwelapha. Izenzakalo ezimbi kungenzeka noma kungenzi ukuba zibangelwe umuthi uthathwa umuntu.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kocwaningo lwezokwelapha, kumele lugunyazwe yiKomiti Lezimiso Zokuziphatha Ezimele (IEC) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingozi ziba phansi ngangokunokwenzeka nokuthi livumelana nezinzuzo ezingaba khona. I-IEC ikomiti lodokotela, ochwepheshe bedatha, abameli bomphakathi, nabanye abaqikilela ukuthi ucwaningo lwenziwa ngokwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo ababambiqhaza.
Ucwaningo ngalunye lulandela uhlelo olulawula ngokucophelela (iphrothokholi) oluchaza okuzokwenziwa abacwaningi ngesikhathi socwaningo. Ngesikhathi socwaningo, abacwaningi babika imiphumela kwi-IEC yocwaningo, kumaphephabhuku ezokwelapha, kanye nama-ejensi kahulumeni. Uma kwenzeka izinkinga ezinjengemithelela emibi engemihle ngesikhathi socwaningo, zingamiswa ukuze kuvikelwe ababambiqhaza.
Yebo. Imithi eminingi yocwaningo ihlobene nokugula noma isimo sempilo, nokho ayinikezi usizo kwezinye izimo. Udokotela wakho futhi angasebenza neqembu locwaningo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi eminye imithi oyithathayo ayiphazamisani nomuthi wocwaningo.
Yebo. Ungashiya ucwaningo lwezokwelapha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uma unquma ukushiya ucwaningo, khuluma neqembu locwaningo kuqala. Iqembu locwaningo futhi lingabuza ngezizathu zakho zokushiya ucwaningo.
Uma ungalufanelekeli ucwaningo lwezokwelapha ngenxa yeminyaka, izimo zempilo, noma ezinye ezici, nokho odokotela bakho bekholelwa ukuthi ungazuza ekwelashweni kocwaningo, ngesinye isikhathi ungakwazi ukuthola umuthi “ngokungena ngendlela eyandisiwe.” Ukungena ngendlela eyandisiwe ngesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “ukusetshenziswa ngokubele” nokho kungabizwa nangamanye amagama.Ukungena ngendlela eyandisiwe kungase kusetshenziselwe ukufinyelela umuthi ophenywayo kubantu abanesifo esisongela ukuphila noma esibucayi esingawo umuthi okahle.
Abaphathi bezempilo bangase bagunyaze ukungena ngendlela eyandisiwe kumuthi wocwaningo uma:
- Abacwaningi ngenkhuthalo bafunda ngomuthi wocwaningo ezingcwaningweni zezokwelapha ezilawulwa kahle
- Kunobufakazi bokuthi umuthi wocwaningo ungasebenza kahle ezigulini ezithile
- Izinzuzo zomuthi wocwaningo zidlula izingozi okungenzeka zikhona
- Bhala phansi imibuzo ongayibuza
- Buza umngane noma isihlobo ukuba sikuphelezele nokuzolalela izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho
- Zilungiselele ukurekhoda umhlangano wakho ngefoni noma enye idaviyisi yokurekhoda ukuze ukubuyekeze ekhaya, uma kudingeka. Kungadingeka ucele imvume kudokotela.
